﻿{"id":11321,"date":"2021-05-26T14:44:40","date_gmt":"2021-05-26T11:44:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/?p=11321"},"modified":"2024-03-23T11:33:07","modified_gmt":"2024-03-23T08:33:07","slug":"tablitsa-splavy-zolota-sostav-vid-prichiny-i-sposoby-polucheniya-proby-zolota-v-razlichnyh-splavah","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/en\/zoloto\/zoloto-v-khimii-mendeleeva\/tablitsa-splavy-zolota-sostav-vid-prichiny-i-sposoby-polucheniya-proby-zolota-v-razlichnyh-splavah\/","title":{"rendered":"Table - gold alloys: composition, type, reasons and methods of production, gold assays in various alloys"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/en\/dobycha-i-affinazh\/zoloto-iz-radiodetalej-kak-izvlech-v-domashnih-usloviyh-pravovoj-aspekt-deyatelnosti-i-sposoby-polucheniya-iz-mikroshem-tranzistorov-elektroniki-putem-affinazha\/\" title=\"Gold from radio components: how to extract it at home, the legal aspect of the activity and ways of obtaining it from chips, electronics transistors by refining\">Gold Alloy<\/a> This variety differs from pure gold in terms of its basic properties. This variety differs from pure gold in its basic properties. In most cases, you can tell whether the gold is fake or not by its appearance. The mixture of ligatures and <a href=\"https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/en\/zoloto\/proby-zolota\/karat-zolota-skolko-chistogo-zolota-v-1-karat-tablitsa-pro-sootnoshenie-proby-i-karat\/\" title=\"Carat of gold: how much pure gold in 1 carat, the table about the ratio of carat to carat\">precious metal<\/a> was widely used in the past and has not lost its popularity today. Modern gold alloys are represented by a large number of types. You can find out how they differ by examining the tables containing the percentages <a href=\"https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/en\/zoloto\/ponyatie-ligatury-i-ligaturnogo-zolota-znachenie-vidy-i-shirokoe-primenenie\/\" title=\"The concept of ligature and ligature gold: meaning, types and wide application\">ligatures<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pure gold and its characteristics<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>It is found rarely in its pure form. It is mostly native gold. There are natural formations that are characterized by their large size. Each one has its own name, as it is rare. But in this form, the metal is not used in jewelry, space industry (when processing satellites), orthopedic dentistry and industry. The reason is its high softness and, on the contrary, its strength is low. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-info is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>The precious metal is more often used to form a gold and currency reserve.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><span itemprop=\"image\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><img itemprop=\"url image\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"870\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Vzvesit-zoloto-5.jpg\" alt=\"Pure gold and its characteristics\" class=\"wp-image-10898\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Vzvesit-zoloto-5.jpg 870w, https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Vzvesit-zoloto-5-800x552.jpg 800w, https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Vzvesit-zoloto-5-580x400.jpg 580w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 870px) 100vw, 870px\" \/><meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"870\"><meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"600\"><\/span><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-black-color\">Pure Gold <\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Pure gold is listed in the Mendeleev table under atomic number 79. It is distinguished by its characteristics:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>atomic mass is 196.966569 g\/mol;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>metal density - not more than 19.32 g\/cm<sup>3<\/sup>;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>melting point - 1,064.18 \u00b0C;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>the precious metal boils at 2856\u00b0C;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>thermal conductivity - 318 W\/m*K.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Au is hard, and becomes liquid when combined with mercury (forms amalgam).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gold grades in different alloys<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The assay is called a type of branding that determines the weight content of Au in the composition of the precious metal. Today in Russia the metric system is used for this purpose. On its basis, according to GOST 30649-99, alloys with special properties and different colors are obtained. The most common ones are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/en\/zoloto\/proby-zolota\/999-proba-zolota-i-serebra-svojstva-vysshej-proby-formirovanie-tseny-na-mezhdunarodnom-rynke-primenenie-metal-rekomendatsii-po-vyboru-i-uhodu\/\" title=\"999 gold and silver: the properties of the highest grade, the formation of prices in the international market, the use of metals, recommendations for choice and care\">999<\/a> or 99.9% - pure gold, the content of the precious metal is the highest (but a small percentage of impurities is still acceptable), even less additives may be only in a nugget;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/en\/zoloto\/proby-zolota\/zolotaya-750-proba-skolko-v-nej-zolota-kakih-mozhet-byt-tsvetov-svojstva-splav-primenenie-stoimost-i-pravila-uhoda-za-izdeliyami-nego\/\" title=\"Gold 750 tests: how much gold it contains, what colors it can be, the properties of the alloy, use, cost and care rules for products made of it\">750<\/a> or 75% is the more common variant, the amount of Au is substantial, which increases the value of jewelry, other products, but because of this decreases the strength;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/en\/zoloto\/proby-zolota\/populyarnaya-585-proba-zolota-hoshaya-ili-net-kak-vyglyadit-formula-sostava-idealnogo-splava-v-protsentah-primenenie-dragotsennogo-metal-vybor-uhod-za-nim\/\" title=\"Popular 585 gold hallmark - good or not: how it looks, formula of ideal alloy composition in percentage, use of precious metal, choice and care of it\">585<\/a> or 58.5% is the most popular type of yellow precious metal, it features the best ratio of ligatures and gold, which allows to obtain excellent characteristics (high wear resistance, strength, moderate ductility);<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/en\/zoloto\/proby-zolota\/500-proba-zolota-splav-svojstva-primenenie-i-stoimost-1-gramma-top-5-sposobov-uh-za-zolotom-i-methods-testirovaniya-zolot\/\" title=\"500th assay gold: alloy, properties, use and cost of 1 gram. Top 5 ways to care for gold and gold testing methods\">500<\/a> or 50% - the gold content is at the lower limit, which allows you to attribute the alloy to the precious metals, the strength is higher than that of products 585 grade, but the value is lower, which affects the price (products are more affordable);<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/en\/zoloto\/proby-zolota\/375-proba-zolota-otlichie-ot-585-v-chem-raznitsa-sostav-harakteristiki-tsena-za-1-gramm-pravila-vybora-otzyvy-pokupatelej-o-kachestve-metal\/\" title=\"375 karat gold - as opposed to 585, what is the difference: composition, characteristics, price per gram, selection rules, customer feedback on the quality of the metal\">375<\/a> or 37.5% - a rarer alloy, but still used, the Au content is minimal, the value is low, but this kind of jewelry is resistant to mechanical damage, although at a price closer to the premium costume jewelry.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-check is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Note: The main varieties of ligature are copper, silver, platinum group substances, brass and other precious, non-precious metals.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><span itemprop=\"image\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><img itemprop=\"url image\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"870\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/999-proba-zolota-i-serebra-4.jpg\" alt=\"Branding on gold and sterling silver\" class=\"wp-image-11003\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/999-proba-zolota-i-serebra-4.jpg 870w, https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/999-proba-zolota-i-serebra-4-800x552.jpg 800w, https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/999-proba-zolota-i-serebra-4-580x400.jpg 580w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 870px) 100vw, 870px\" \/><meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"870\"><meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"600\"><\/span><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-black-color\">999 is the highest gold standard<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ligature metals in alloys with gold and their properties<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In ancient times purer gold was often used, but the size of coins quickly changed with intensive use (they wore off), so another technique was used to produce the precious metal. They added alloys, chose the proportions that would allow to create the material with the most suitable characteristics: high value and durability. The properties of the additives were taken into account. The list of the most common ones:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/en\/serebro\/proby-serebra-kakie-byvayut-vysshie-redkie-dlya-yuvelirnyh-izdelij-v-rossii-markirovka-klejmom-raschet-stoimi-kak-opredelit-otlichit-ot-poddelki-v-domashnih-usloviyah\/\" title=\"Silver assay: what are the highest, rare for jewelry in Russia, the marking, calculation of cost, how to determine and distinguish from the counterfeit at home\">silver<\/a> for softness: the main advantage of introducing such a ligature is the ability to increase the malleability, ductility, in addition, the precious metal takes on a lighter shade, with the right ratio becomes white, but the more silver, the lower the value of the product;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Copper for a red hue: used to alloy with gold, allows you to change the strength index Au (products better able to withstand mechanical stress), as well as its color - the precious metal becomes a red hue, unlike silver, the addition of a small percentage of copper (14-15%) will make it red;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nickel for hardness: is characterized by increased hardness, resistance to corrosion, which allows the use of precious metal in dentistry, jewelry industry, the disadvantage is the risk of allergies when in contact with the skin;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Palladium for refractoriness: in order to obtain a material of higher hardness, the chemical formula is changed by adding palladium. At the same time, the price of the product increases because this ligature is also a precious metal and also contributes to the change in color to a lighter (white);<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Platinum for whiteness: used to change the color of the alloy, it is enough to increase the platinum content to 8.4% to get a white precious metal, in addition, the addition of this ligature contributes to the elasticity of gold, the melting point, which makes it somewhat difficult to work with the products;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ruthenium for strength: increases the melting point so that the gold has to be heated harder to change its shape, making it stronger, but ruthenium has no effect on its shade;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Iridium for wear resistance: not used to produce an alloy of a different color, but used to change the properties of the precious metal, as a result, gold becomes even more resilient than when combined with iridium, the products are much worse to process;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Osmium for elasticity: the ligature has many properties in common with ruthenium, iridium, the introduction of such metal in the composition changes the melting temperature - it increases, it becomes more difficult to work with the material, but the elasticity increases, its resistance to deformation, but the point blow will not survive;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>cadmium for fusibility: unlike osmium, iridium and other ligatures, cadmium, on the contrary, reduces the melting point of the gold mixture, which facilitates working with it, the precious metal becomes more plastic, but also brittle, as it does not always withstand the mechanical loads imposed when using the product, in addition, the gold alloy slightly changes color - a greenish hue appears, but there are other alloys to obtain such a tone, cadmium more often perform other tasks;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Zinc for a green shade: the properties resemble cadmium, also contributes to the appearance of green color, but with the choice of a suitable base (ligature) can eliminate this drawback, in addition, zinc increases the hardness of the material, but it is also easier to damage, because the degree of fragility increases, with point hits the product can be destroyed, in addition, ligature helps to reduce the melting temperature;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Aluminum for plasticity and unusual shades of gold alloys: one of the types of ligatures used in obtaining various precious metals, aluminum is introduced into the alloy purple color.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Interesting: A superhard metal - based on Au and Ti (titanium) - has recently been invented.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><span itemprop=\"image\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><img itemprop=\"url image\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"870\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Temperatura-plavleniya-zolota-2-1.jpg\" alt=\"Ratio of precious metal to impurities\" class=\"wp-image-9743\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Temperatura-plavleniya-zolota-2-1.jpg 870w, https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Temperatura-plavleniya-zolota-2-1-800x552.jpg 800w, https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Temperatura-plavleniya-zolota-2-1-580x400.jpg 580w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 870px) 100vw, 870px\" \/><meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"870\"><meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"600\"><\/span><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-black-color\">Precious metals and impurities<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The principle of alloying gold with metals<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A material that is more suitable for processing is one that is ductile, has a low melting point, and is strong. The choice of ligatures, their combination with each other, allows you to find the best option, taking into account the given characteristics. When one of the additives is introduced, the composition of the material changes. To adjust the result, the next additive is added. For this reason, a metal can have 1-2 or more additives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-check is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Note: The homonizing procedure is carried out to increase the degree of homogeneity of the precious metal, the desired result is achieved by reheating to a temperature of +700 \u00b0 C, further holding the alloy improves the structure.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Alloys of different gold colors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The choice of ligatures is made on the basis of the properties they exhibit when combined with Au. It is not guided by the characteristics of the metal itself, which acts as an additive. The result of combining precious and non-precious materials:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><a title=\"All shades of yellow gold 585 and 750 tests: price for 1 gram, composition, uses\" href=\"https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/en\/zoloto\/proby-zolota\/vse-ottenki-zheltogo-zolota-585-i-750-proby-tsena-za-1-gramm-sostav-sfery-primeneniya\/\">yellow<\/a> - The classic combination of gold and in addition copper and silver: the classic version, to obtain the yellow metal, gold must exceed the other additives in quantity, a special, richer color is obtained through a combination of silver and copper, and it is the latter of the ligatures enhances the depth of color, and silver does not allow to increase the intensity of red tone;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a title=\"Red gold - what is the difference between red gold and yellow 585: composition, properties and demand among Russian consumers\" href=\"https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/en\/zoloto\/vidy-zolota\/krasnoe-zoloto-chem-otlichaetsya-ot-zheltogo-585-proby-sostav-svojstva-i-vostrebovannost-u-rossijskogo-pokupatelya\/\">red<\/a> - popular duo Au and Cu: a metal of this color began to be used in Russia in the XVIII century, reduced copper content and additional additives (silver) allows you to get a pink gold, it is based on a red alloy, but other properties, as the ratio of components significantly different;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/en\/zoloto\/vidy-zolota\/beloe-zoloto-chto-eto-za-metall-kak-vyglyadit-kakoj-proby-sostav-preimushhestva-i-nedostatki-splava-shirokij-assortiment-yuvelirnyh-izdelij-i-stoimost-na-segodnyashnij-den\/\" title=\"White gold - what kind of metal: how does it look like, what is its grade, composition, advantages and disadvantages of the alloy, a wide range of jewelry and the cost to date\">White<\/a> - The addition of various alloys for a refined white color: the metal has another name - \"white gold\", but the main component is still Au, changing its classic yellow color platinum group metals used as alloys, as well as manganese, nickel, as a result of which products may have other properties than those of platinum jewelry - increased fusibility, which increases the variety of forms and design of jewelry;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/en\/yuvelirnye-izdeliya\/pu-cherneet-palets-ot-zolotogo-koltsa-prichiny-i-primety-sposoby-ochistki-ot-chernyh-sledov-na-zhe-i-ukrashenii-mery-profilaktiki-ot-chernyy-polos\/\" title=\"Why a finger blackens from a gold ring: causes and omens, how to clean black marks on the skin and jewelry, prevention measures from black bands\">black<\/a> - alloy as a result of oxidation with cobalt: ring, bracelet acquires this color, if the manufacture has been oxidized with cobalt, an alternative option - dressing with the addition of carbon, simulates a similar color also patinated, rhodium-plated;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/en\/zoloto\/vidy-zolota\/zelenoe-zoloto-vozmozhnye-sostavy-splavov-proby-poostu-osobennosti-vybora-i-uhoda-za-elektrumom\/\" title=\"Green gold: possible alloys compositions, state standards, peculiarities of choice and care of electrum\">green<\/a> - Alloy includes gold with a silver ligature: such items have a name - \"electrum\", the metal containing a certain proportion of Ag, characterized by a slight green hue, more pronounced such color appears if the gold is alloyed with cadmium, but such jewelry is not recommended for long wear, can cause damage to health;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/en\/zoloto\/vidy-zolota\/goluboe-zoloto-istoriya-razrabotki-splav-proby-vozmozhnye-sostavy-i-spektr-sinego-v-ukrasheniyah\/\" title=\"Blue gold: history of alloy development, grades, possible compositions and spectrum of blue in jewelry\">blue<\/a> and blue is a spectacular alloy with indium: it is not strong enough, so platinum group metals are often introduced, indium gives the blue color, and blue gold is an iridium-based alloy;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Purple - a mysterious alloy of gold with aluminum and palladium: a rare combination, so occurs infrequently, it is mainly used to manufacture inserts, the drawback is the fragility.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Interesting: in ancient Greece, the alloy of gold as well as silver had a certain name - electron.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><span itemprop=\"image\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><img itemprop=\"url image\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"870\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/TSvet-zolota-vidy-4-1.jpg\" alt=\"Types of gold with impurities\" class=\"wp-image-10104\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/TSvet-zolota-vidy-4-1.jpg 870w, https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/TSvet-zolota-vidy-4-1-800x552.jpg 800w, https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/TSvet-zolota-vidy-4-1-580x400.jpg 580w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 870px) 100vw, 870px\" \/><meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"870\"><meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"600\"><\/span><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-black-color\">Gold in different shades<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gold imitations<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The metal may not contain Au, but it must have similar appearance in order to be considered similar to the original. Such products have no value, but they have a wide range of applications, for example, the production of costume jewelry is the main direction. List of metals that imitate gold alloy:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Bronze: copper with the addition of aluminum, the first of the components gives a red hue, the second - lightens the tone;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>vermei: silver with gilding, the appearance of Au is retained, but the items are lighter;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>gameltonmetal: a method of coating products that was previously often used, the metal contained copper, zinc.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Medical gold alloy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>It is a steel, different in composition, as the content of the main additives is not regulated. The medical alloy is very similar to gold, but has different properties: harder, better endures mechanical stresses, but costs much less. If you managed to buy this type of product at a high price, you should remember that this is a deception, because in this case, the jewelry is passed off as precious.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Deciphering the marking of alloys that contain gold<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Materials are labeled for ease of handling. For precious metals, in addition to the letter designation, an additional numerical designation is generally accepted - fractions of a thousandth, and for non-precious alloys - hundredths (%). Common variants that are found in GOST:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Gold - Zl;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>silver - cf;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Platinum - Pl;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>copper - M;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>zinc - C;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>nickel - N;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>cadmium - Cd;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>palladium - Pd.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><span itemprop=\"image\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><img itemprop=\"url image\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"870\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Meditsinskoe-zoloto-1-1.jpg\" alt=\"A variety of medical alloys\" class=\"wp-image-11285\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Meditsinskoe-zoloto-1-1.jpg 870w, https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Meditsinskoe-zoloto-1-1-800x552.jpg 800w, https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Meditsinskoe-zoloto-1-1-580x400.jpg 580w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 870px) 100vw, 870px\" \/><meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"870\"><meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"600\"><\/span><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-black-color\">Medical gold alloy<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">World systems for measuring the purity of gold precious metals<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>At different times, a variety of methods have been used to determine the Au content of the metal alloy. At the same time, the amount of ligatures that were added at the manufacturing stage varies: from 10-12% to 80%. But the best variant in appearance and properties is the one containing 30-40% additives. There are only 4 known ways to measure the purity of the precious metal:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>widespread metric system: the fraction of the precious metal is determined in thousandths (range from 0 to 1000);<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Carat system, applicable in the U.S. and Europe: the basis for the value - 24 carats, this precious metal without impurities, respectively, the gold content of the various alloys is defined as the number of parts 1\/24 of pure substance (corresponding to 1 carat);<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>the tsarist Russia's system of gold pieces: the basis was a measure - 96 proof of pure precious metal, corresponding to the number of gold pieces in 1 Russian pound;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The lot system of Old Europe: 16 lots were considered pure metal; the lower the number, the lower the value of the items.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How alloys can change the appearance of a product<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>According to GOST, the difference between the metals of the same group can be small or significant. However, the gold content in the alloy is always the same, despite changes in the proportions included in the ligatures. The hue changes when the amount of basic additives varies: silver, copper, which determines the depth of color.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Table 1: Alloys with Au in composition, 375 samples<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Metal based, Ag, Au, Cu are represented by options:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th>Au, %<\/th><th>Ag, %<\/th><th>Cu, %<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>37,2-37,8<\/td><td>1,5-2,5<\/td><td>59,5-61,5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>9,5-10,5<\/td><td>51,5-53,5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>15,5-16,5<\/td><td>45,6-47,4<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><span itemprop=\"image\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><img itemprop=\"url image\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"870\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/krasnoe-zoloto-5.jpg\" alt=\"The strongest assay of gold\" class=\"wp-image-10516\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/krasnoe-zoloto-5.jpg 870w, https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/krasnoe-zoloto-5-800x552.jpg 800w, https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/krasnoe-zoloto-5-580x400.jpg 580w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 870px) 100vw, 870px\" \/><meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"870\"><meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"600\"><\/span><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-black-color\">Gold grade 375 <\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Table 2: Alloys that contain Au 500 of the sample<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th>Gold, %<\/th><th>Silver, %<\/th><th>Copper, %<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>49,7-50,3<\/td><td>9,5-10,5<\/td><td>39,2-40,8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>19,5-20,5<\/td><td>29,2-30,8<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Table 3: Alloys based on Au 583<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th>Gold, %<\/th><th>Silver, %<\/th><th><strong>Copper, %<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>58,0-58,6<\/td><td>7,5-8,5<\/td><td>32,9-34,5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>19,5-20,5<\/td><td>21,1-22,3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>29,5-30,5<\/td><td>11,2-12,2<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Table 4: Alloys based on Au 585<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th>Au, %<\/th><th>Ag, %<\/th><th>Cu, %<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>58,5-59,0<\/td><td>7,5-8,5<\/td><td>32,5-34,0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>19,5-20,5<\/td><td>20,5-22,0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>29,5-30,5<\/td><td>10,5-12,0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><span itemprop=\"image\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><img itemprop=\"url image\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"870\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Proba-rossijskogo-zolota.jpg\" alt=\"Russian gold assay\" class=\"wp-image-10472\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Proba-rossijskogo-zolota.jpg 870w, https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Proba-rossijskogo-zolota-800x552.jpg 800w, https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Proba-rossijskogo-zolota-580x400.jpg 580w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 870px) 100vw, 870px\" \/><meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"870\"><meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"600\"><\/span><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-black-color\">Assay mark 585<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Table 5: Alloys 750<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th>Au, %<\/th><th>Ag, %<\/th><th>Cu, %<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Au, %<\/td><td>Ag, %<\/td><td>Cu, %<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>74,7-75,3<\/td><td>12,0-13,0<\/td><td>12,0-13,0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>14,5-15,5<\/td><td>9,5-10,5<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Table 6: Alloys 958<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th>Au, %<\/th><th>Ag, %<\/th><th>Cu, %<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Ag, %<\/td><td>Ag, %<\/td><td>Cu, %<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>95,5-96,1<\/td><td>1,5-2,5<\/td><td>1,7-2,5<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Video: precious metals<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"TOP 10 MOST EXPENSIVE METALS IN THE WORLD\" width=\"730\" height=\"411\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/TGgPE_zwNYM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jeweler's comment<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"expert-review expert-review--color-green-2\"><div class=\"expert-review-expert\">  <div class=\"expert-review-expert-bio\">    <div class=\"expert-review-expert-bio__avatar\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/YUvelir-Molokanov-N.M..jpg\" alt=\"Molokanov N.M.\">    <\/div>    <div class=\"expert-review-expert-bio__body\">      <div class=\"expert-review-expert-bio-name\">Molokanov N.M.<\/div>      <div class=\"expert-review-expert-bio-description\">Jeweler, experience in jewelry manufacturing 26 years.<\/div>    <\/div>  <\/div>  <div class=\"expert-review-expert-text\">  The content of the ligature makes the metal different from others. Today often change the composition, according to GOST, as a result of reducing\/increasing the proportion of gold, copper, silver or other metals can affect the strength, density, fusibility and, of course, the color. Because of this feature, the hue of the noble metals serves as one of the signs of authenticity.  <\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Testimonial<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p><em>I have different jewelry: light yellow, reddish, deep yellow. The price was about the same, so I thought that was how the jeweler handled it, and maybe it wasn't gold at all. Only recently I found out when I had it evaluated that all of the jewelry is real, but the composition is slightly different. The main thing for me is that there is enough precious metal.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-rounded\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Anastasiya-R.-g-Samara.jpg\" alt=\"Anastasia R., Samara\" class=\"wp-image-10409\" width=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Anastasiya-R.-g-Samara.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Anastasiya-R.-g-Samara-800x800.jpg 800w, https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Anastasiya-R.-g-Samara-400x400.jpg 400w, https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Anastasiya-R.-g-Samara-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Anastasiya-R.-g-Samara-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/drago-met.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Anastasiya-R.-g-Samara-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\">Alice<\/mark><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0417\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0434\u043e\u043b\u044e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430, \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0412 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0443 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c. \u0421\u043c\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043b\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0440\u0430\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435, \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f. \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044b \u0437\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432. \u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":11325,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"crb-meta-links":"","crb-meta-show":"","crb-meta-show-edited":"","crb-meta-use-manual":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[302],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11321","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-zoloto-v-khimii-mendeleeva"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u0421\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044b \u0437\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0430: \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432, \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430, \u044e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044b, \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" 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